Beside history, geographic affect is also included in
redeploying or fixing the expansion and boundaries of a state. An area would be
such that contains the advantages and facilities of fertile land, natural
resources, minerals, rivers, mountains, forest, beaches, simple defensive
borders etc. It will be difficult to establish a state in an area which is
deserted or glacial. This is the cause for which there is no state founded in
the north or South Pole. The states in barren land are not durable. Fertile land
and riverine valleys are always proved to be suitable for establishing a state.
For example river Nile in Egypt, Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq, river Indus in Pakistan river Ganges and Jumna
are those rivers at the banks of which states are always remained. The rivers
have proved to be very helpful in forming strong riverine states. For example
the island of Britain and Japan being surrounded by water have become strong
states. The Himalaya mountain ranges have separated the Ind-Pak subcontinent
and separate states have been founded.
Not only the issue of army and difference arises while fixing
the boundaries of states but international and constitutional problems also occur. The redeploying of boundaries is done by landmarks
.If any river flows between the two states then the mid of the river is said to
be the border .If there are mountains between the states, then according to the
flowing of rain the borders are fixed on the peak of mountains. Before the
invention of air planes there was no airspace but today after the invention of
air planes the skyward i.e. airspace has been imagined up to the sky
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